A pumpkin weighing 1,810.5 pounds (821.2 kg) being billed as the new world record holder and grown by Chris Stevens of New Richmond, Wisconsin. |





A pumpkin weighing 1,810.5 pounds (821.2 kg) being billed as the new world record holder and grown by Chris Stevens of New Richmond, Wisconsin. |
There are cinnamon, juniper berries, and sugar in your beef, sandalwood in your bread, "sweet herbs and sundrie flowers" beneath your feet. The pheasant on your plate has been dead for some days, but no matter--it swims in a sauce of seventeen spices. You've brought your own knife and spoon, you eat with your fingers, and your plate will be eaten by the hungry at the gate. You drink spiced wine and mulled ale by the quart, sharing the goblet with your neighbor. You're at a twelfth-century English banquet--welcome to the Middle Ages!
Medieval food is largely characterized by the heavy use of spices, especially ginger, cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg, and saffron (Santich 46). One also sees "cubeb" mentioned often, and "verjus": a tart liquid -- a mild vinegar -- made from unripened green grapes (they have high acidity and low sugar levels; the "must" remains unfermented). Fish was salted, as were beef and mutton; and vinegar, sugar, and honey could be used for preservation.
Spices were used as sign of luxury and affluence. They signified prestige. One of the curiosities puzzling me involves the recipes that list a dozen spices and several kinds of meats. It doesn't seem that one could possibly taste all the ingredients, so the dish could impress guests only if they knew of the exotic ingredients in some other way.
For extravagant feasts, the medieval contributions to the annals of weirdness are the "subtleties" -- which were anything but subtle. These were bizarre presentations -- culinary showpieces -- such as a swan with its innards removed and cooked with other fowl and meats, restuffed, and brought into the dining hall in a dramatic position. Or a pie whose crust, when first cut into, releases a flock of birds. Or an animal positioned in some intriguing scene. All much more dramatic than your basic flambé dessert.
Jousting emerged in the High middle ages based on the military use of the lance by heavy calvary. The first camels tournament was staged in 1066, but jousting itself did not gain in widespread popularity until the 12th century. It transformed into a specialized sport during the Late middle ages, and remained popular with the nobility both in England and Germany throughout the 16th century (while in France, it was discontinued after the death of king Henry II in an accident in 1559). In England, jousting was the highlight of the accesion day tilits of Elizebeth and james I, and also was part of the festivities at the marriage of Charles III.